1804

Napoleon Bonaparte is crowned Emperor of France AI analysis

This coronation marked the transformation of post-revolutionary France into an empire. Napoleon's self-crowning symbolized his break with tradition and the Catholic Church, while establishing a new model of meritocratic monarchy that would influence European politics for decades. --AI Explanation

1823

President James Monroe introduces the Monroe Doctrine AI analysis

This foreign policy statement fundamentally shaped US-European relations by declaring the Western Hemisphere off-limits to further European colonization. It became a cornerstone of American foreign policy and influenced international relations for two centuries. --AI Explanation

1845

President James K. Polk announces to Congress that the United States should aggressively expand westward AI analysis

This announcement formalized the concept of Manifest Destiny, leading to the Mexican-American War and dramatic territorial expansion. It fundamentally shaped American geography and national identity. --AI Explanation

1852

Louis Napoleon declares himself Emperor Napoleon III AI analysis

This proclamation marked France's return to imperial rule and initiated the Second French Empire. It significantly influenced European politics and led to major urban developments in Paris. --AI Explanation

1859

John Brown is hanged for his raid on Harper's Ferry AI analysis

Brown's execution transformed him into a martyr for the abolitionist cause. The event heightened tensions between North and South, contributing to the outbreak of the Civil War. --AI Explanation

1867

Charles Dickens gives his first public reading in America AI analysis

This marked the beginning of a new era in literary entertainment, establishing the practice of author tours and readings as a cultural phenomenon and revenue source. --AI Explanation

1901

King C. Gillette patents the disposable razor blade AI analysis

This invention revolutionized personal grooming and created a new business model based on disposable products, influencing consumer culture and manufacturing. --AI Explanation

1908

Puyi becomes Emperor of China at age 2 AI analysis

The ascension of China's last emperor highlighted the declining Qing Dynasty's weakness and foreshadowed the eventual fall of imperial China. --AI Explanation

1927

Ford's Model A goes on sale as the successor to the Model T AI analysis

This launch marked Ford's adaptation to changing consumer demands and competition, representing a crucial evolution in mass-market automobiles. --AI Explanation

1942

Nuclear chain reaction achieved at University of Chicago AI analysis

This breakthrough under Enrico Fermi marked the beginning of the atomic age, leading to nuclear power and weapons development that would reshape global politics. --AI Explanation

1943

Germany conducts a major air raid on Allied ships in Bari, Italy AI analysis

This raid exposed Allied mustard gas stockpiles, leading to the development of chemotherapy as doctors observed the effects of mustard gas on white blood cells. --AI Explanation

1954

The U.S. Senate censures Joseph McCarthy AI analysis

This historic rebuke effectively ended McCarthy's anti-communist crusade, marking a turning point in Cold War domestic politics and civil liberties. --AI Explanation

1961

Fidel Castro declares himself a Marxist-Leninist AI analysis

This declaration formalized Cuba's alignment with the Soviet Union, significantly impacting Cold War politics and Caribbean relations. --AI Explanation

1970

The Environmental Protection Agency begins operations AI analysis

The EPA's establishment marked a turning point in environmental protection, creating a framework for national environmental policy and regulation. --AI Explanation

1976

Fidel Castro becomes President of Cuba AI analysis

This formal assumption of power consolidated Castro's leadership and Cuba's socialist system, influencing Caribbean politics for decades. --AI Explanation

1982

First permanent artificial heart transplant performed AI analysis

This medical milestone opened new possibilities in cardiac treatment, though highlighting ethical and technical challenges in artificial organ development. --AI Explanation

1988

Benazir Bhutto is sworn in as Prime Minister of Pakistan AI analysis

Her election as the first female leader of a modern Muslim nation broke gender barriers and influenced democratic movements in the Islamic world. --AI Explanation

1993

Pablo Escobar is killed in Colombia AI analysis

The death of this notorious drug lord marked a turning point in the war on drugs, though not ending the cocaine trade's influence in the Americas. --AI Explanation

2001

Enron files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy AI analysis

This massive corporate collapse led to major reforms in corporate governance and accounting practices, affecting business regulation worldwide. --AI Explanation

2010

FIFA selects Russia and Qatar as World Cup hosts AI analysis

These controversial selections highlighted issues of corruption in international sports governance and sparked debate about the role of money in sports. --AI Explanation

December 02 Birthdays

503

Emperor Jianwen of Liang

emperor of the Chinese Liang dynasty

(d. 551)

1501

Queen Munjeong

Korean queen

(d. 1565)

1578

Agostino Agazzari

Italian composer and theorist

(d. 1641)

1599

Thomas Bruce

1st Earl of Elgin, Scottish nobleman

(d. 1663)

1629

Wilhelm Egon von Fürstenberg

Catholic cardinal

(d. 1704)

1694

William Shirley

English-American lawyer and politician, Governor of the province of Massachusetts Bay

(d. 1771)

1703

Ferdinand Konščak

Croatian missionary and explorer

(d. 1759)

1738

Richard Montgomery

Irish-American general

(d. 1775)

1754

William Cooper

American judge and politician, founded Cooperstown, New York

(d. 1809)

1759

James Edward Smith

English botanist and mycologist, founded the Linnean Society

(d. 1828)

1760

John Breckinridge

American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 5th United States Attorney General

(d. 1806)

1760

Joseph Graetz

German organist, composer, and educator

(d. 1826)

1798

António Luís de Seabra

1st Viscount of Seabra, Portuguese magistrate and politician

(d. 1895)

1810

Henry Yesler

American businessman and politician, 7th Mayor of Seattle

(d. 1892)

1811

Jean-Charles Chapais

Canadian farmer and politician, 1st Canadian Minister of Agriculture

(d. 1885)

1817

Heinrich von Sybel

German historian, academic, and politician

(d. 1895)

1827

William Burges

English architect and designer

(d. 1881)

1846

Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau

French lawyer and politician, 68th Prime Minister of France

(d. 1904)

1847

Deacon White

American baseball player and manager

(d. 1939)

1859

Kateryna Melnyk-Antonovych

Ukrainian historian and archaeologist

(d. 1942)

1859

Georges Seurat

French painter

(d. 1891)

1860

Charles Studd

England cricketer and missionary

(d. 1931)

1863

Charles Edward Ringling

American businessman, co-founded the Ringling Brothers Circus

(d. 1926)

1866

Harry Burleigh

American singer-songwriter

(d. 1949)

1876

Yusuf Akçura

Tatar-Turkish activist and ideologue of Turanism

(d. 1935)

1877

Cahir Healy

Northern Irish Anti Partitionist, writer and politician

(d. 1970)

1884

Erima Harvey Northcroft

New Zealand soldier, lawyer, and judge

(d. 1953)

1884

Yahya Kemal Beyatlı

Turkish poet and author

(d. 1958)

1885

George Minot

American physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate

(d. 1950)

1891

Otto Dix

German painter and illustrator

(d. 1969)

1891

Charles H. Wesley

American historian and author

(d. 1987)

1894

Warren William

American actor

(d. 1948)

1895

Harriet Cohen

English pianist

(d. 1967)

1897

Ivan Bagramyan

Russian general

(d. 1982)

1897

Rewi Alley

New Zealand writer and political activist

(d. 1987)

1898

Indra Lal Roy

Indian lieutenant and first Indian fighter aircraft pilot

(d. 1918)

1899

John Barbirolli

English cellist and conductor

(d. 1970)

1899

John Cobb

English race car driver and pilot

(d. 1952)

1899

Ray Morehart

American baseball player

(d. 1989)

1900

Elisa Godínez Gómez de Batista

former First Lady of Cuba

(d. 1993)

1900

Herta Hammerbacher

German landscape architect and professor

(d. 1985)

1901

Raimundo Orsi

Argentinian-Italian footballer

(d. 1986)

1906

Peter Carl Goldmark

Hungarian-American engineer

(d. 1977)

1909

Arvo Askola

Finnish runner

(d. 1975)

1909

Walenty Kłyszejko

Estonian–Polish basketball player and coach

(d. 1987)

1909

Joseph P. Lash

American activist and author

(d. 1987)

1910

Russell Lynes

American photographer, historian, and author

(d. 1991)

1910

Taisto Mäki

Finnish runner

(d. 1979)

1912

George Emmett

English cricketer and coach

(d. 1976)

1913

Marc Platt

American actor, singer, and dancer

(d. 2014)

1914

Bill Erwin

American actor

(d. 2010)

1914

Adolph Green

American playwright and composer

(d. 2002)

1915

Takahito

Prince Mikasa of Japan

(d. 2016)

1916

Howard Finster

American minister and painter

(d. 2001)

1917

Sylvia Syms

American singer

(d. 1992)

1921

Carlo Furno

Italian cardinal

(d. 2015)

1922

Iakovos Kambanelis

Greek author, poet, and screenwriter

(d. 2011)

1923

Maria Callas

American-Greek soprano and actress

(d. 1977)

1924

Jonathan Frid

Canadian actor

(d. 2012)

1924

Alexander Haig

American general and politician, 59th United States Secretary of State

(d. 2010)

1924

Else Marie Pade

Danish composer

(d. 2016)

1924

Vilgot Sjöman

Swedish actor, director, producer, and screenwriter

(d. 2006)

1925

Julie Harris

American actress

(d. 2013)

1927

Ralph Beard

American basketball player

(d. 2007)

1928

Guy Bourdin

French photographer

(d. 1991)

1929

Dan Jenkins

American journalist and author

(d. 2019)

1929

Leon Litwack

American historian and author

(d. 2021)

1930

Gary Becker

American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate

(d. 2014)

1930

David Piper

English race car drive

r

1931

Nigel Calder

English journalist, author, and screenwriter

(d. 2014)

1931

Masaaki Hatsumi

Japanese martial artist and educator, founded Bujinka

n

1931

Wynton Kelly

American pianist and composer

(d. 1971)

1931

Edwin Meese

American lawyer, 75th United States Attorney Genera

l

1931

Gareth Wigan

British film studio executive

(d. 2010)

1933

Peter Robin Harding

English marshal and pilot

(d. 2021)

1933

Mike Larrabee

American sprinter and educator

(d. 2003)

1934

Tarcisio Bertone

Italian cardina

l

1935

David Hackett Fischer

American historian, author, and academi

c

1937

Manohar Joshi

Indian lawyer and politician, 15th Chief Minister of Maharashtra

(d. 2024)

1939

Yael Dayan

Israeli journalist, author, and politicia

n

1939

Francis Fox

Canadian lawyer and politician, 48th Secretary of State for Canad

a

1939

Harry Reid

American lawyer and politician, 25th Lieutenant Governor of Nevada

(d. 2021)

1940

Willie Brown

American football player, coach, and manager

(d. 2019)

1941

Mike England

Welsh footballer and manage

r

1941

Tom McGuinness

English guitarist, songwriter, author, and produce

r

1942

Anna G. Jónasdóttir

Icelandic political scientist and academi

c

1943

Wayne Allard

American veterinarian and politicia

n

1944

Cathy Lee Crosby

American actress and tennis playe

r

1944

Ibrahim Rugova

Kosovan journalist and politician, 1st President of Kosovo

(d. 2006)

1944

Dionysis Savvopoulos

Greek singer-songwrite

r

1944

Botho Strauß

German author and playwrigh

t

1945

Penelope Spheeris

American director, producer, and screenwrite

r

1945

Alan Thomson

Australian cricketer

(d. 2022)

1946

John Banks

New Zealand businessman and politician, 38th Mayor of Auckland Cit

y

1946

David Macaulay

English-American author and illustrato

r

1946

Gianni Versace

Italian fashion designer, founded Versace

(d. 1997)

1947

Isaac Bitton

Moroccan-French drummer and songwrite

r

1947

Tommy Jenkins

English footballer and manage

r

1947

Ivan Atanassov Petrov

Bulgarian neurologist and autho

r

1948

Elizabeth Berg

American nurse and autho

r

1948

T. Coraghessan Boyle

American novelist and short story write

r

1948

Patricia Hewitt

Australian-English educator and politician, English Secretary of State for Healt

h

1948

Toninho Horta

Brazilian guitarist and compose

r

1948

Antonín Panenka

Czech footballe

r

1950

John Wesley Ryles

American country music singer-songwriter and guitaris

t

1950

Amin Saikal

Afghan-Australian political scientist and academi

c

1950

Benjamin Stora

Algerian-French historian and autho

r

1950

Paul Watson

Canadian activist, founded the Sea Shepherd Conservation Societ

y

1952

Carol Shea-Porter

American social worker, academic, and politicia

n

1952

Keith Szarabajka

American acto

r

1954

Dan Butler

American actor, director, and screenwrite

r

1956

Steven Bauer

Cuban-American actor and produce

r

1957

Dagfinn Høybråten

Norwegian political scientist and politician, Norwegian Minister of Healt

h

1958

Randy Gardner

American figure skate

r

1958

Andrew George

English politicia

n

1958

Vladimir Parfenovich

Belarusian canoe racer and politicia

n

1958

George Saunders

American short story writer and essayis

t

1959

Kelefa Diallo

Guinean general

(d. 2013)

1960

Peter Blakeley

Australian singer-songwriter and guitaris

t

1960

Deb Haaland

American politician, 54th United States Secretary of the Interio

r

1960

Razzle

English rock drummer

(d. 1984)

1960

Rick Savage

English singer-songwriter and bass playe

r

1960

Silk Smitha

Indian film actres

s

1962

John Dyegh

Nigerian businessman and politicia

n

1963

Brendan Coyle

English acto

r

1963

Ann Patchett

American autho

r

1963

Rich Sutter

Canadian ice hockey player and scou

t

1963

Ron Sutter

Canadian ice hockey player and coac

h

1965

Shane Flanagan

Australian rugby league player and coac

h

1966

Philippe Etchebest

French chef and television hos

t

1966

Jinsei Shinzaki

Japanese wrestler and promoter, co-founded Sendai Girls' Pro Wrestlin

g

1967

Mary Creagh

English scholar and politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Transpor

t

1968

David Batty

English footballe

r

1968

Jiří Dopita

Czech ice hockey playe

r

1968

Darryl Kile

American baseball player

(d. 2002)

1968

Lucy Liu

American actress and produce

r

1968

Nate Mendel

American singer-songwriter and bass playe

r

1968

Rena Sofer

American actres

s

1969

Ulrika Bergquist

Swedish journalis

t

1969

Chris Kiwomya

English footballe

r

1969

Pavel Loskutov

Estonian runne

r

1969

Tanya Plibersek

Australian journalist and politician, 45th Australian Minister of Healt

h

1970

Joe Lo Truglio

American actor and comedia

n

1970

Maksim Tarasov

Russian pole vaulte

r

1970

Treach

American rapper and acto

r

1971

Wilson Jermaine Heredia

American actor and singe

r

1971

Rachel McQuillan

Australian tennis playe

r

1971

Jüri Reinvere

Estonian-German composer and poe

t

1971

Francesco Toldo

Italian footballe

r

1971

Mine Yoshizaki

Japanese illustrato

r

1972

Alan Henderson

American basketball playe

r

1972

Sergei Zholtok

Latvian ice hockey player

(d. 2004)

1973

Graham Kavanagh

Irish footballer and manage

r

1973

Monica Seles

Serbian-American tennis playe

r

1973

Lee Steele

English footballe

r

1973

Jan Ullrich

German cyclis

t

1975

Mark Kotsay

American baseball player and manage

r

1976

Masafumi Gotoh

Japanese singer-songwriter, guitarist, and produce

r

1977

Siyabonga Nomvethe

South African footballe

r

1978

Jarron Collins

American basketball player and coac

h

1978

Jason Collins

American basketball playe

r

1978

Nelly Furtado

Canadian singer-songwriter, producer, and actres

s

1978

Luigi Malafronte

Italian footballe

r

1978

Peter Moylan

Australian baseball playe

r

1978

Maëlle Ricker

Canadian snowboarde

r

1978

David Rivas

Spanish footballe

r

1978

Andrew Ryan

Australian rugby league player and sportscaste

r

1978

Christopher Wolstenholme

English singer-songwriter and bass playe

r

1979

Yvonne Catterfeld

German singer-songwriter and actres

s

1979

Michael McIndoe

Scottish footballe

r

1979

Abdul Razzaq

Pakistani crickete

r

1980

Adam Kreek

Canadian rowe

r

1980

Darryn Randall

South African cricketer

(d. 2013)

1980

Joel Ward

Canadian ice hockey playe

r

1981

Maria Ferekidi

Greek canoe race

r

1981

Eric Jungmann

American acto

r

1981

Thomas Pöck

Austrian ice hockey playe

r

1981

Danijel Pranjić

Croatian footballe

r

1981

Britney Spears

American singer-songwriter, dancer, and actres

s

1982

Christos Karipidis

Greek footballe

r

1982

Matt Walsh

American basketball playe

r

1983

Action Bronson

American rapper, songwriter, chef, and television hos

t

1983

Chris Burke

Scottish footballe

r

1983

Bibiana Candelas

Mexican volleyball playe

r

1983

Jaime Durán

Mexican footballe

r

1983

Eugene Jeter

American-Ukrainian basketball player, coach, and executiv

e

1983

Jana Kramer

American actress and singe

r

1983

Aaron Rodgers

American football playe

r

1983

Daniela Ruah

Portuguese-American actres

s

1984

Péter Máté

Hungarian footballe

r

1985

Amaury Leveaux

French swimme

r

1985

Dorell Wright

American basketball playe

r

1986

Song Ha-yoon

South Korean actres

s

1986

Claudiu Keșerü

Romanian footballe

r

1986

Renee Montgomery

American basketball player and executiv

e

1986

Tal Wilkenfeld

Australian bass player and compose

r

1988

Alfred Enoch

English acto

r

1988

Stephen McGinn

Scottish footballe

r

1989

Etta Bond

English singer-songwrite

r

1989

Matteo Darmian

Italian footballe

r

1989

Cassie Steele

Canadian singer-songwriter and actres

s

1989

Robert Turbin

American football playe

r

1990

Emmanuel Agyemang-Badu

Ghanaian footballe

r

1990

Gastón Ramírez

Uruguayan footballe

r

1991

Chloé Dufour-Lapointe

Canadian skie

r

1991

Brandon Knight

American basketball playe

r

1991

Charlie Puth

American singer-songwriter and pianis

t

1992

Sim Bhullar

Canadian basketball playe

r

1992

Gary Sánchez

Dominican baseball playe

r

1993

Haruka Ishida

Japanese singer and actres

s

1993

Kostas Stafylidis

Greek footballe

r

1994

Zach Cunningham

American football playe

r

1994

Aaron Jones

American football playe

r

1994

Elias Lindholm

Swedish ice hockey playe

r

1994

Fumika Shimizu

Japanese actress and mode

l

1994

Tomokaze Yūta

Japanese sumo wrestle

r

1995

Uladzislau Hancharou

Belarusian trampolinis

t

1995

Inori Minase

Japanese actress, voice actress and singe

r

1996

Jake Doran

Australian crickete

r

1997

De'Andre Hunter

American basketball playe

r

1998

Annalise Basso

American actres

s

1998

Anna Kalinskaya

Russian tennis playe

r

1998

Juice Wrld

American rapper, singer and songwriter

(d. 2019)

2003

Neil Erasmus

South African-Australian footballe

r

2004

Ilia Malinin

American competitive figure skate

r

December 02 Deaths

930

Ma Yin

Chinese warlord, king of Chu

(Ten Kingdoms) (b. 853)

949

Odo of Wetterau

German noblema

n

1022

Elvira Menéndez

queen of Alfonso V of Castile

(b. 996)

1255

Muhammad III of Alamut

Nizari Ismaili Ima

m

1340

Geoffrey le Scrope

Chief Justice of King Edward III of Englan

d

1381

John of Ruusbroec

Flemish priest and mystic

(b. 1293)

1455

Isabel of Coimbra

queen of Portugal

(b. 1432)

1463

Albert VI

Archduke of Austria

(b. 1418)

1469

Piero di Cosimo de' Medici

Italian banker and politician

(b. 1416)

1510

Muhammad Shaybani

Khan of Bukhara

(b. 1451)

1515

Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba

Spanish general

(b. 1453)

1547

Hernán Cortés

Spanish general and explorer

(b. 1485)

1594

Gerardus Mercator

Flemish mathematician, cartographer, and philosopher

(b. 1512)

1615

Louis des Balbes de Berton de Crillon

French general

(b. 1541)

1665

Catherine de Vivonne

marquise de Rambouillet, French author

(b. 1588)

1694

Pierre Puget

French painter, sculptor, and architect

(b. 1622)

1719

Pasquier Quesnel

French theologian and author

(b. 1634)

1723

Philippe II

Duke of Orléans

(b. 1674)

1726

Samuel Penhallow

English-American historian and author

(b. 1665)

1747

Vincent Bourne

English poet and scholar

(b. 1695)

1748

Charles Seymour

6th Duke of Somerset, English politician, Lord President of the Council

(b. 1662)

1774

Johann Friedrich Agricola

German organist and composer

(b. 1720)

1814

Marquis de Sade

French philosopher, author, and politician

(b. 1740)

1844

Eustachy Erazm Sanguszko

Polish general and politician

(b. 1768)

1859

John Brown

American abolitionist

(b. 1800)

1881

Jenny von Westphalen

German author

(b. 1814)

1885

Allen Wright

Principal chief of the Choctaw Nation

(1866–1870); proposed the name "Oklahoma", from Choctaw words okra and umma, meaning "Territory of the Red People." (b. 1826)

1888

Namık Kemal

Turkish journalist, poet, and playwright

(b. 1840)

1892

Jay Gould

American businessman and financier

(b. 1836)

1899

Gregorio del Pilar

Filipino general and politician, 1st Governor of Bulacan

(b. 1875)

1918

Edmond Rostand

French poet and playwright

(b. 1868)

1924

Kazimieras Būga

Lithuanian linguist and philologist

(b. 1879)

1927

Paul Heinrich von Groth

German scientist who systematically classified minerals and founded the journal Zeitschrift für Krystallographie und Mineralogie

(b. 1843)

1931

Vincent d'Indy

French composer and educator

(b. 1851)

1936

John Ringling

American businessman, co-founded Ringling Brothers Circus

(b. 1866)

1943

Nordahl Grieg

Norwegian journalist and author

(b. 1902)

1944

Josef Lhévinne

Russian pianist and educator

(b. 1874)

1944

Filippo Tommaso Marinetti

Egyptian-Italian poet and composer

(b. 1876)

1944

Eiji Sawamura

Japanese baseball player and soldier

(b. 1917)

1950

Dinu Lipatti

Romanian pianist and composer

(b. 1917)

1953

Reginald Baker

Australian rugby player

(b. 1884)

1953

Trần Trọng Kim

Vietnamese historian, scholar, and politician, Prime Minister of Vietnam

(b. 1883)

1957

Harrison Ford

American actor

(b. 1884)

1957

Manfred Sakel

Ukrainian-American neurophysiologist and psychiatrist

(b. 1902)

1966

L. E. J. Brouwer

Dutch mathematician and philosopher

(b. 1881)

1966

Giles Cooper

Irish author, playwright, and screenwriter

(b. 1918)

1967

Francis Spellman

American cardinal

(b. 1889).

1969

José María Arguedas

Peruvian anthropologist, author, and poet

(b. 1911)

1969

Kliment Voroshilov

Ukrainian-Russian marshal and politician, 3rd Head of State of The Soviet Union

(b. 1881)

1974

Sylvi Kekkonen

Finnish writer and wife of President of Finland Urho Kekkonen

(b. 1900)

1974

Max Weber

Swiss lawyer and politician

(b. 1897)

1976

Danny Murtaugh

American baseball player and manager

(b. 1917)

1980

Chaudhry Muhammad Ali

Indian-Pakistani lawyer and politician, 4th Prime Minister of Pakistan

(b. 1905)

1980

Romain Gary

Lithuanian-French author, director, and screenwriter

(b. 1914)

1981

Wallace Harrison

American architect, co-founded Harrison & Abramovitz

(b. 1895)

1982

Marty Feldman

English actor and comedian

(b. 1933)

1982

Giovanni Ferrari

Italian footballer and manager

(b. 1907)

1983

Fifi D'Orsay

Canadian-American actress and singer

(b. 1904)

1985

Philip Larkin

English poet, author, and librarian

(b. 1922)

1986

Desi Arnaz

Cuban-American actor, singer, businessman, and television producer

(b. 1917)

1986

John Curtis Gowan

American psychologist and academic

(b. 1912)

1987

Luis Federico Leloir

French-Argentinian physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate

(b. 1906)

1987

Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich

Belarusian physicist, astronomer, and cosmologist

(b. 1914)

1988

Karl-Heinz Bürger

German colonel

(b. 1904)

1988

Tata Giacobetti

Italian singer-songwriter

(b. 1922)

1990

Aaron Copland

American composer and conductor

(b. 1900)

1990

Robert Cummings

American actor, director, and producer

(b. 1908)

1993

Pablo Escobar

Colombian drug lord

(b. 1949)

1995

Robertson Davies

Canadian author, playwright, and critic

(b. 1913)

1995

Roxie Roker

American actress

(b. 1929)

1995

Mária Telkes

Hungarian–American biophysicist and chemist

(b. 1900)

1997

Shirley Crabtree

English wrestler

(b. 1930)

1997

Michael Hedges

American singer-songwriter and guitarist

(b. 1953)

1999

Charlie Byrd

American guitarist

(b. 1925)

2000

Gail Fisher

American actress

(b. 1935)

2002

Ivan Illich

Austrian priest and philosopher

(b. 1926)

2002

Arno Peters

German cartographer and historian

(b. 1916)

2003

Alan Davidson

British soldier, historian, and author

(b. 1924)

2004

Alicia Markova

English ballerina and choreographer

(b. 1910)

2004

Mona Van Duyn

American poet and academic

(b. 1921)

2005

William P. Lawrence

American admiral and pilot

(b. 1930)

2005

Van Tuong Nguyen

Australian convicted drug trafficker

(b. 1980)

2006

Mariska Veres

Dutch singer

(b. 1947)

2007

Jennifer Alexander

Canadian-American ballerina and actress

(b. 1972)

2007

Elizabeth Hardwick

American literary critic, novelist, and short story writer

(b. 1916)

2008

Odetta

American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actress

(b. 1930)

2008

Henry Molaison

American memory disorder patient

(b. 1926)

2008

Edward Samuel Rogers

Canadian lawyer and businessman

(b. 1933)

2008

Renato de Grandis

Italian composer, musicologist, and writer

(b. 1927)

2009

Foge Fazio

American football player and coach

(b. 1938)

2009

Eric Woolfson

Scottish singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer

(b. 1945)

2012

Tom Hendry

Canadian playwright, co-founded the Manitoba Theatre Centre

(b. 1929)

2012

Ehsan Naraghi

Iranian sociologist and author

(b. 1926)

2013

William Allain

American soldier and politician, 58th Governor of Mississippi

(b. 1928)

2013

Jean-Claude Beton

Algerian-French engineer and businessman, founded Orangina

(b. 1925)

2013

Marcelo Déda

Brazilian lawyer and politician

(b. 1960)

2013

Junior Murvin

Jamaican singer-songwriter

(b. 1946)

2014

A. R. Antulay

Indian lawyer and politician, 8th Chief Minister of Maharashtra

(b. 1929)

2014

Jean Béliveau

Canadian ice hockey player

(b. 1931)

2014

Josie Cichockyj

English basketball player and coach

(b. 1964)

2014

Bobby Keys

American saxophonist

(b. 1943)

2014

Don Laws

American figure skater and coach

(b. 1929)

2015

Sandy Berger

American lawyer and politician, 19th United States National Security Advisor

(b. 1945)

2015

Will McMillan

American actor, director, and producer

(b. 1944)

2015

George T. Sakato

American soldier, Medal of Honor recipient

(b. 1921)

2020

Pat Patterson

American wrestler

(b. 1941)