1917
The Third Battle of Ypres begins in Flanders, Belgium, one of the bloodiest battles of World War I.
AI analysis
eading: The Third Battle of Ypres, also known as the Battle of Passchendaele, was a major conflict during World War I. It took place in Flanders, Belgium, and lasted from July 31, 1917, to November 10, 1917. This battle is remembered for its heavy rainfall, mud, and the loss of thousands of lives on both sides. --来自AI解读
1941
Under instructions from Adolf Hitler, Nazi official Hermann Göring, orders SS General Reinhard Heydrich to "submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired final solution of the Jewish question."
AI analysis
eading: On July 31, 1941, Hermann Göring, a high-ranking Nazi official, ordered Reinhard Heydrich to develop a plan for the "final solution" of the Jewish question. This marked the beginning of the systematic persecution and extermination of Jews during the Holocaust. --来自AI解读
1954
First ascent of K2, the world's second-highest mountain, by an Italian expedition led by Ardito Desio.
AI analysis
eading: On July 31, 1954, an Italian expedition led by Ardito Desio successfully climbed K2, the second-highest mountain in the world. This achievement marked a significant milestone in mountaineering history. --来自AI解读
1964
Ranger program: Ranger 4 becomes the first spacecraft to reach the surface of the Moon.
AI analysis
eading: On July 31, 1964, the Ranger 4 spacecraft became the first to land on the Moon's surface. Although it did not return images, it provided valuable information about the Moon's surface and marked a significant step in space exploration. --来自AI解读
1971
Apollo 15 astronauts become the first to use the Lunar Roving Vehicle.
AI analysis
eading: On July 31, 1971, astronauts from the Apollo 15 mission became the first to use the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) on the Moon. The LRV allowed them to travel greater distances and conduct more extensive scientific experiments. --来自AI解读
1980
The National Assembly grants independence to Vanuatu.
AI analysis
eading: On July 31, 1980, the National Assembly granted independence to Vanuatu, a Pacific island nation. This marked the end of colonial rule and the beginning of self-governance for the Vanuatu people. --来自AI解读
1992
A Thai Airways Airbus A310 crashes into a mountain north of Kathmandu, killing 113.
AI analysis
eading: On July 31, 1992, a Thai Airways Airbus A310 crashed into a mountain near Kathmandu, Nepal, resulting in the loss of 113 lives. This incident highlighted the importance of aviation safety measures. --来自AI解读
2002
Hebrew University of Jerusalem is attacked when a bomb explodes in a cafeteria, killing 9 (including 5 U.S. citizens) and injuring over 70.
AI analysis
eading: On July 31, 2002, a bomb exploded in a cafeteria at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, killing nine people, including five U.S. citizens, and injuring over 70 others. This attack was part of a wave of violence during the Second Intifada. --来自AI解读
2006
Fidel Castro hands over power to brother Raúl Castro. This leads to a celebration in Little Havana (Miami, Florida), where many Cuban Americans live.
AI analysis
eading: On July 31, 2006, Fidel Castro temporarily handed over power to his brother Raúl Castro due to health reasons. This event led to celebrations in Little Havana, Miami, where many Cuban Americans reside, as they hoped for positive changes in Cuba. --来自AI解读
2012
Michael Phelps surpasses Larisa Latynina, Natalya Ermakova, Nedo Nadi and Mark Spitz, becoming the all-time record medal winner in the history of the Olympics.
AI analysis
eading: On July 31, 2012, Michael Phelps became the all-time record medal winner in Olympic history, surpassing Larisa Latynina, Natalya Ermakova, Nedo Nadi, and Mark Spitz. This achievement cemented Phelps' status as one of the greatest Olympians of all time. --来自AI解读
