读：The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas, was fought on July 21, 1861, near Manassas, Virginia. This battle marked the first major land battle of the American Civil War and ended with a Confederate victory. The Union army, led by General Irvin McDowell, was defeated by the Confederate forces under General P.G.T. Beauregard and General Stonewall Jackson. This battle showed that the war would not be a quick or easy victory for either side. --来自AI解读

读：On July 21, 1904, the Trans-Siberian Railway was officially completed, connecting Moscow to Vladivostok in Russia. This massive project, which began in 1891, spanned over 9,289 kilometers and took thousands of workers to complete. The Trans-Siberian Railway revolutionized transportation in Russia, facilitating the movement of goods and people across the vast country. It played a crucial role in Russia's economic development and remains one of the longest railways in the world. --来自AI解读

读：The Scopes Trial, also known as the "Monkey Trial," started on July 21, 1925, in Dayton, Tennessee. This landmark case centered around the debate on whether evolution should be taught in public schools. John Scopes, a high school biology teacher, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which prohibited the teaching of evolution. The trial drew national attention and pitted fundamentalist Christians against modernists, highlighting the ongoing struggle between religion and science in America. --来自AI解读

读：On July 21, 1944, a group of high-ranking German officers, led by Claus von Stauffenberg, attempted to assassinate Adolf Hitler in the July 20 plot. The conspirators placed a briefcase containing explosives under a table in the Wolf's Lair, Hitler's command center in East Prussia. Although the bomb detonated, Hitler survived with minor injuries due to the table shielding him. The failed assassination attempt led to the execution of many involved in the plot, and it marked one of the last significant resistance efforts against the Nazi regime. --来自AI解读

读：On July 21, 1969, astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin made history by becoming the first humans to walk on the Moon. As part of the Apollo 11 mission, they landed on the Moon's surface in the Lunar Module Eagle, while fellow astronaut Michael Collins remained in orbit around the Moon in the Command Module Columbia. Armstrong famously declared, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind," as he stepped onto the lunar surface. This achievement marked a significant milestone in space exploration and cemented America's position as a leader in the space race. --来自AI解读

读：On July 21, 1973, Israeli Mossad agents mistakenly assassinated Ahmed Bouchiki, a Moroccan waiter living in Lillehammer, Norway. The intended target was Ali Hassan Salameh, a senior member of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) who was involved in the 1972 Munich Olympics massacre. This botched operation, known as the Lillehammer affair, led to the arrest and conviction of several Mossad agents and damaged Israel's reputation. --来自AI解读

读：On July 21, 2008, former President of Republika Srpska Radovan Karadzic was arrested in Serbia after evading capture for over a decade. Karadzic was accused of war crimes, including genocide and crimes against humanity, for his role in the Bosnian War. His arrest was a significant step towards justice for victims of the conflict and brought an end to a long manhunt. --来自AI解读