1861
American Civil War: Fort Sumter surrenders to Confederate forces.
AI analysis
The American Civil War began on April 13, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, a Union stronghold in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. After 34 hours of bombardment, Union Major Robert Anderson surrendered the fort, marking the start of a four-year conflict that would claim the lives of an estimated 620,000 to 750,000 soldiers and civilians and lead to the abolition of slavery. --AI analysis
1919
Amritsar Massacre: British troops kill 379 Sikhs who were demonstrating for Indian independence.
AI analysis
On April 13, 1919, British troops fired on a crowd of Sikhs gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab, India, killing an estimated 379 people and injuring over 1,000. The event became a symbol of British brutality and fueled the Indian independence movement. --AI analysis
1943
The Jefferson Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C.
AI analysis
The Jefferson Memorial, dedicated on April 13, 1943, is a neoclassical building in Washington, D.C., honoring the third President of the United States, Thomas Jefferson. The memorial features excerpts from the Declaration of Independence and other writings by Jefferson, reflecting his commitment to democracy, individual rights, and educational reform. --AI analysis
1953
CIA director Allen Dulles launches the mind-control program MKULTRA.
AI analysis
On April 13, 1953, CIA Director Allen Dulles initiated Project MKULTRA, a secret program aimed at developing techniques for controlling human behavior through mind control, including the use of drugs, hypnosis, and sensory deprivation. The program was declassified in 1975 and sparked controversy over its ethical implications. --AI analysis
1989
The Hillsborough disaster: 96 Liverpool F.C. fans are crushed and 766 are injured during a league match against Nottingham Forest F.C. at Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield, England.
AI analysis
During a football match between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest on April 13, 1989, a stampede of fans resulted in the tragic deaths of 96 people and injuries to 766 others at Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield, England. The disaster led to significant changes in stadium safety and crowd control measures in the UK. --AI analysis
1997
Tiger Woods wins his first major golf tournament at the Masters.
AI analysis
On April 13, 1997, 21-year-old golfer Tiger Woods made history by winning his first major tournament at the Masters in Augusta, Georgia. His record-breaking 12-stroke victory marked the beginning of a remarkable career that would see him become one of the most successful golfers of all time. --AI analysis
2010
A magnitude 6.9 earthquake strikes Yushu, Qinghai, China, killing at least 2,000 people.
AI analysis
A devastating earthquake struck Yushu County in Qinghai Province, China, on April 13, 2010, killing at least 2,000 people and injuring thousands more. The magnitude 6.9 quake caused widespread destruction, highlighting the need for improved disaster preparedness and response measures in the region. --AI analysis
2017
The United States drops the largest ever non-nuclear weapon on Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan.
AI analysis
On April 13, 2017, the United States military dropped the largest non-nuclear bomb in its arsenal, known as the "Mother of All Bombs," on a tunnel complex in Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan. The strike targeted ISIS militants and marked a significant escalation in the fight against terrorism in the region. --AI analysis
